The Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) is an evidence-based, play-based intervention designed to support young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in natural learning environments. Developed over 30 years by Dr. Sally Rogers and colleagues, ESDM integrates developmental and behavioral principles to enhance communication, social engagement, and cognitive skills.
Key Principles of ESDM
1. Learning Through Social Interaction: Children learn best through interaction. ESDM focuses on increasing engagement by fostering communication, play, and social skills through everyday routines like mealtime, dressing, and play.
2. Individualized & Developmental Approach: ESDM follows a structured curriculum tailored to each child’s developmental level. Areas of focus include:
- Communication (language, gestures, facial expressions)
- Social skills (eye contact, turn-taking, imitation)
- Play skills (pretend and cooperative play)
- Personal independence (dressing, hygiene, mealtime skills)
- Motor skills (fine and gross motor development)
3. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) Strategies: ESDM incorporates ABA principles in a flexible and natural way. Instead of rigid, structured drills, ESDM follows the child’s interests to create an enjoyable learning environment. Teaching is based on the ABC model (Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence) and includes:
- Imitation & modeling to encourage learning through observation
- Prompting & shaping to guide skill development
- Natural reinforcement to keep learning enjoyable
4. Parent Involvement & Coaching: Parents and caregivers are central to a child’s progress. Through coaching sessions, they learn to integrate ESDM strategies into daily activities, becoming co-therapists in their child’s development.
5. Transdisciplinary Team Approach: ESDM brings together specialists—including speech therapists, occupational therapists, and educators—to create a holistic learning plan addressing all areas of development.
6. Group Learning Opportunities: In addition to one-on-one therapy, ESDM incorporates small group settings to encourage peer learning, social interaction, and generalization of skills in a structured, supportive environment.
How ESDM Helps Children with ASD
Research shows that children with ASD who receive ESDM intervention demonstrate significant improvements in communication, adaptive behaviors, and social engagement. By making learning interactive and enjoyable, ESDM empowers children to actively participate in the world around them.
For more in-depth guidance, parents may refer to:
📘 Early Start Denver Model for Young Children with Autism (Rogers & Dawson, 2010)
📘 An Early Start for Your Young Child with Autism (Rogers, Dawson & Vismara, 2012)
